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General
- Arecanut is Also
known as Betel nut.
- Coconut
and arecanut are the two major commercial palms of India. These two
palms are highly heterozygous and exclusively seed propagated with a
long juvenile phase.
-
Areca nut (Areca
catechu) is popularly known in India as Supari and Shrivardhani.
-
The areca nut is a
shade loving plant.
-
Areca nut is considered
to be a native of Malaya. This is extensively grown in North Eastern
part as well as peninsular Indian region.
- Arecanut is
consumed both as a raw/ripe nut (adaka or kacha tamul), as dried
ripe nut (chali supari) and as semi-mature, cut and processed
varieties `Bateldike’ or `Kalipak’ and also is an essential
ingredient of ‘gutka’.
Cultivation
-
Areca palm is an
unbranched, erect , medium sized monoecious tree growing in hot and
humid tropical regions of the world.
- Betel nut
Chewing is cultivation is concentrated in the southwestern and
northeastern regions of India and it is extensively cultivated in
the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Assam and West Bengal.
- Areca thrives
well in a variety of soils, the laterite soils of the West Coast,
the red loamy soils of the Mettupalayam (Tamil Nadu), the alluvial
soils of Assam and West Bengal and the loam of Orissa.
Extraction Process
-
The husk of arecanut
extracted by soaking in water for 3 weeks and beating with a mallet
can be used for thick boards, fluffy cushions and non-woven fabrics.
- The
Arecanut leaf stalk are first cleaned well and then dried in sun.
They are then soaked in a big tank full of water and dried in shade
to get desired products of arecanut.
- Extraction of
arecoline was done by the general titration method.
Application
-
The husk of arecanut
constitutes 60-80% of the total weight of fresh nut. Several
processes have been developed for utilization of areca husk for
making hard boards, plastic boards and brown wrapping paper.
-
Arecanut stem is a
useful building material. Its timber can be used for making a
variety of elegant utility articles like rulers, shelves and
waste-paper baskets, due to its hardness.
Technology
- A Farming
technique involves manure production from go-mutra (cow urine), cow
dung and arecanut leaves.
-
The Khasi cure the
areca nut in the flowing water. The technique might have been
developed by the trial and error method. In olden day a tribal
family used to store the areca nuts in earthen pots of water for
maintaining their moisture and freshness.
- A molecular
techniques have been found to be useful for detailed analysis of
genetic variability within and between arecanut and other species.
Market
- Market analysts
say the fall in the production of arecanut during the year and
clearance of old stocks in some of the major markets created demand
for the new stocks of white arecanut.
- All arecanut
traders at a complex would be given shops in a committee yard, they
said and added that the traders at yard who would like to take up
arecanut business would be permitted to do it.
- There is a market
where local arecanut sellers sell their product to authorised
arecanut merchants. Buyers and sellers execute trade transactions by
auction.
- Over 53,000
tonnes of arecanut, valued at Rs 72.28 crore, were imported during a
period with Indonesia contributing 74.26 per cent of the total
shipments into the country.
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