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General
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Amines are
organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom
with a lone pair.
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Amines are
derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by
organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups.
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The amines
are a group of chemical compounds that have the common feature of possessing
nitrogen atoms that are sp3 hybridized with three single bonds to other
elements.
Process
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Amine gas
treating, also known as gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a
group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various amines to remove
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from gases.
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Amine
treating is a proven technology that removes H2S and CO2 from natural gas
and liquid hydrocarbon streams through absorption and chemical reaction.
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Twenty two
samples of cheeses corresponding to three different varieties of cheeses
made from ewe’s and cow’s milk were used for the detection of the biogenic
amines (histidine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine) content. The ion
exchange chromatography was used for the determination of the amines.
Technology
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The primary
application of the technology has been the manufacture of chiral amines
using proprietary aminotransferases (transaminases). These enzymes have been
employed in the synthesis of a wide range of amines.
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Using
advanced ion exchange technology, the AmiPur, a unique and cost effective on
line amine purification system was developed and introduced to the Petroleum
Industry in later. This system employs Eco-Tec.’s Reciprocating Flow
(RecofloTM) Ion Exchange technology.
Market
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US demand for
amines will grow 3.0 percent per year through 2010 to 2.8 billion pounds
valued at $2.9 billion. Growth will be driven by new applications (such as
wood preservatives), fast-growing niches (such as glyphosate herbicides) and
higher surfactant loadings in detergents and personal care products.
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Ethanolamines
are the largest amine type by production volume, and will continue to show
the fastest growth through 2010 despite moderating from the 2000-2005 pace.
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Fatty amines
will see slower growth as their major applications, most notably as surf
detergents and cleaning products, have reached maturity. Maturity will also
hamper growth for alkylamines, as sluggishness in their key agriculture and
water treatment markets will cause them to post the slowest gains of any
amine type.
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