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General
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Aluminium is a silvery white and ductile member of the boron group of
chemical elements.
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Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third
most abundant element therein, after oxygen and silicon.
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Aluminium is too reactive chemically to occur in nature as the free
metal. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. The
chief source of aluminium is bauxite ore.
Properties
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Aluminium is a soft, durable, lightweight, malleable metal with
appearance ranging from silvery to dull gray, depending on the surface
roughness.
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Aluminium is nontoxic, nonmagnetic, and nonsparking. It is also
insoluble in alcohol, though it can be soluble in water in certain
forms.
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Aluminium has about one-third the density and stiffness of steel. It is
ductile, and easily machined, cast, and extruded.
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The
strongest aluminium alloys are less corrosion resistant due to galvanic
reactions with alloyed copper.
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Aluminium is a good thermal and electrical conductor, by weight better
than copper.
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Aluminium is capable of being a superconductor, with a superconducting
critical temperature of 1.2 kelvins and a critical magnetic field of
about 100 gauss.
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Aluminum owes its excellent corrosion resistance and its usage as one of
the primary metals of commerce to the barrier oxide film that is bonded
strongly to its surface and, that if damaged, re-forms immediately in
most environments.
Process
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The
production of aluminum begins with the mining and beneficiation of
bauxite.
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Primary aluminum is produced by the electrolytic reduction of the
alumina. Raw materials for secondary aluminum production are scrap,
chips, and dross.
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Aluminium production is a continuous process which extracts pure
aluminium metal from alumina, the powdery white oxide of aluminium.
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Aluminium is delivered to the manufacturing industry in three main
categories of shapes: Flat rolled products, i.e. sheet and foil; Long
products: extrusions, bars, rods and wires; Castings.
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The
electrical energy consumption per ton of aluminum produced has decreased
from 42,000 kwh to an average value of 16,500 kwh today. The
state-of-the-art plants consume 13,000 kwh per ton of aluminum smelted.
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Aluminum obtained from the electrolysis cell is named as "primary
aluminum".
Market
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The
surge in aluminium futures came after reports that China's top 20
aluminium producers have decided to cut production by 5-10% from July
2008 to push up aluminium prices and reduce power consumption.
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Aluminium production is expected to grow at about 8 per cent annually
and domestic companies are in the process of expanding their capacities
to cater to the increased demand; annual demand growth is expected to be
around 6-7 per cent analysts said.
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Indian
consumption of aluminium in the electrical and electronics sector is
presently 32 per cent as against the world average of 9 per cent.
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Aluminium production is highly power intensive and the 1,250 mw power
station is expected to cater to the needs of the smelter plants.
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The
process of producing aluminium is electrolytic one and involves power
consumption of around 13,000 to 15,000 kilowatt per tonne of aluminium
produced.
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World
aluminium growth rate seems to touch 4.9%. India has huge reserves of
bauxite spread across Orissa, MP, Jharkhand &other states.
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Large
reserves of good quality alumina and proximity to Asian markets have
attracted global aluminium producers in the world towards India.
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