General
- Alkyd coatings are a
class of polyester coatings derived from the reaction of an alcohol (alkohol)
and an acid or acid anhydride. Alkyd coatings today are typically
manufactured from acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride or maleic
anhydride and polyols such as glycerine or pentaerythritol and are
modified with unsaturated fatty acids to give them air drying
properties.
- The first alkyd
resins were obtained by W. J.Smith in 1901, but as a moulding material
were only developed from 1948 onwards. Apart from being used in the
paint industry; alkyds are used to make car parts, electric switches,
engine insulators, electronic components and television parts.
Production
Methods
- Synthetic resins
are widely used in the manufacture of a variety of products
including paints, inks, adhesives, plastics and many coatings.
During the production of synthetic resins such as alkyds and
polyesters, the product viscosity and acid number are the primary
characteristics used to monitor the overall reaction progress.
- PET is used as
raw materials in the production of secondary, specialized products,
such as alkyd resins used
as enamel paints or coatings is investigated. Given the scale of
production of alkyd resins this new use of the recycled PET in alkyd
resin syntheses provides a beneficial means for mass consumption of
recycled PET.
Application
& Technology
- Alkyd resin dyes
modified by very long, long and middle oils make it possible to take
advantage of pentaerythritol's properties. If pentaerythritol is
mixed with dihydric alcohol, it may be used with short oils. The
properties of alkyd resin dyes change greatly when they are
compressed together with other resins.
-
Within the
framework of a research project together with a paint producer, the
development of alkyd resins with low intrinsic viscosity was aimed
for. In order to achieve this, we explored the potential of two
types of renewable, carbohydrate derived resources as the polyhydric
alcohol part of alkyd resins, i.e. sucrose and inulin.
-
In technical terms a
true alkyd is also a polyester but in trade terms “alkyd” is mostly
used to describe the oil modified material and “polyester” is
generally used to describe what are in technical terms, unsaturated
polyesters in styrene or similar reactive solvents, or saturated
polyesters either as solutions in organic solvents or in solid form.
Market
-
The annual
global growth rate of Phthalic Anhydride is about 2 to 2.5%, though
in the traditional industrialized regions like the US, Western
Europe and Japan only a moderate increase in demand is to be
expected. The highest growth rates are anticipated in emerging
markets like China, India and South East Asia where demand is
surging by more than 5%, partly even up to 10% annually.
-
Present global demand of Phthalic
Anhydride is in the order of 4 million tons per year. Today, a wide
variety of chemical companies produce the polymer emulsions and
resins that form the backbone (binders) of the coating industries.
Unsaturated polyester
resins are profitable due to their high(er) selling price.
Currently, ERG Pustków has a relatively low market share in this
growing market.
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