General
- Biological technology is technology based on biology, especially
when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
Biotechnology in
agriculture refers to the techniques that allow scientists to modify
DNA, the genetic material of crop plants and livestock, to enhance their
tolerance to pests and diseases, increase yield and improve quality and
nutritional value.. It has a wide range of possible applications in
agriculture and food. Biotechnology can also bring many benefits to
medicine, the environment and industry.
- In fact, the term should be used in a much broader sense to describe
the whole range of methods, both ancient and modern, used to manipulate
organic matter to meet human needs. Plant biotechnology is an extension
of this traditional plant breeding with one very important difference —
plant biotechnology allows for the transfer of a greater variety of
genetic information in a more precise, controlled manner.
AgriBiotech
- Agricultural biotechnology is an important R&D and business sector in
India. India is the world's largest producer of fruits and the second
largest for vegetables and milk. Some analysts predict that with the
help of agribiotech, India can become the world's largest exporter of
agricultural products.
- Agricultural biotechnology includes the application of microorganisms
to control the agricultural pests and diseases, to improve soil
fertility; moreover the genetic engineering of agricultural plants,
animals and microorganisms. Conventional or modern agriculture was based
on new seed varieties, agrochemicals, irrigation, mechanization, etc.,
which is known as the Green Revolution in India.
Application & Technology
- Biotechnology can compress the time frame required to translate
fundamental discoveries into applications. Industrial biotechnology
applies the techniques of modern molecular biology to improve the
efficiency and reduce the environmental impacts of industrial processes
like textile, paper and pulp, and chemical manufacturing.
- Environmental biotechnology is the used in waste treatment and
pollution prevention. Environmental biotechnology can more efficiently
clean up many wastes than conventional methods and greatly reduce our
dependence on methods for land-based disposal. Gene therapy – altering
DNA within cells in an organism to treat or cure a disease – is one of
the most promising areas of biotechnology research.
- New genetic therapies are being developed to treat diseases such as
cystic fibrosis, AIDS and cancer With the advancement of biotechnology,
several screening techniques for identification of true-to-typeness on
the protein and the DNA levels have been developed, which might be
applicable for identification of cultivars and detection of plant
off-types.
Market
- Some U.S. agricultural export markets, notably the European Union (EU),
have taken a more restrictive approach to regulating agricultural
biotechnology than the United States, presenting obstacles for U.S. farm
exports. Over the past two decades, the advances made in agricultural
biotechnology has opened up new frontiers in agricultural production.
The new techniques for understanding and modifying the genome of living
organisms have led to large investments in agri biotechnology research
and development.
- U.S. farmers are
pegging their hopes on biotechnology to help increase productivity
to ensure that demand can be met. Biotechnology has enjoyed steady,
yet modest adoption by U.S. corn farmers. According to the United
States Department of Agriculture, 40 percent of U.S. corn acres were
planted with biotech hybrids.
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