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General
- The acrylonitrile
is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and volatile liquid that is soluble
in water and most common organic solvents such as acetone, benzene,
carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, and toluene.
- It is liquid,
man-made chemical with a sharp, onion- or garlic-like odor. It can be
dissolved in water and evaporates quickly.
- The acrylonitirle
catalysts are the metal oxide containing catalysts for ammoxidation of
propylene to acrylonitrile.
- Acrylonitrile may
be found in the soil, water, or air near industrial sites where it is
made, or at hazardous waste sites where it has been disposed of.
Process
- Acrylonitrile (AN)
is used as a raw material in acrylic fibers, ABS resin, AS resin,
synthetic rubber (NBR), acrylamide and other materials.
- In the early
manufacturing processes acetylene and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were used
as a raw material.
- Nearly all of the
acrylonitrile (ACN) produced in the world today is produced using the
SOHIO process for ammoxidation of propylene and ammonia.
- In the standard
SOHIO process, air, ammonia, and propylene are introduced into a
fluid-bed catalytic reactor operating at 5-30 psig and ~400-510°C
(750-950°F).
Technology
- BAT for
acetonitrile is to recover and purify it when a market is available, or
to burn it with heat recovery (current world market of acetonitrile is
significantly smaller than its production during acrylonitrile
manufacture).
- Glyclean® AN
usually require only minimal retrofit that could provide significant
benefits in reducing polymer formation, waste management and product
quality.
- The Quantra FT-ICR
mass spectrometer and sampling system, it is now possible to effectively
master this challenging task.
- Quantra can
handle high water contents and complex sample mixtures, and analyze
components previously not seen by gas chromatographs.
Market
- In the US
downstream inventory build and an outage in a downstream unit led to a
substantial volume of acrylonitrile, possibly as much as 20,000 tons,
being sold on the spot market.
- Millions of pounds
per year of acrylonitrile. Over 90 percent of world acrylonitrile
capacity is based on the Sohio process: ammoxidation of chemical-grade
propylene.
- The acrylonitrile
business is heavily dependent on exports. From 1990 until the end of
1997, exports were more than 1 billion pounds per year, serving a
rapidly growing acrylic fiber and styrenics industry in the Far East.
Application
- Acrylonitrile’s
most important use is in polymerization to polyacrylonitrile used as
synthetic fibers in the textile industry.
- It is used in
manufacture of a variety of products including plastics, acrylic fibres
and synthetic rubber.
- Acrylonitrile
(AN2) is widely used in the production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers,
plastics, rubbers, resins, and as a chemical intermediate in the
synthesis of many other industrial products.
- Early
epidemiological studies have suggested that AN may increase the
incidence of lung, colon, and stomach cancers among exposed workers.
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