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General
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Acrylic is a useful, clear plastic that resembles glass, but has
properties that make it superior to glass in many ways. Common brands of
high-grade acrylic include Polycast, Lucite and Plexiglass.
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Acrylics including (meth)acrylic acids, acrylic esters, and acrylic
compounds containing reactive halogens, nitrile and amide groups are
versatile monomers forming any class of hard, soft, resilient and
transparent synthetic plastics or resins and viscous oils by varying the
starting materials and the polymerization processes.
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There
are two basic types of acrylic: extruded and cell cast.
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Extruded or "continuous cast" acrylic is made by a less expensive
process, is softer, can scratch easier and may contain impurities.
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Cell
cast acrylic is a higher quality acrylic and U.S. domestic cell cast is
a good choice for applications that require the best.
Process
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Acrylic acid is produced by the catalytic partial oxidation of propylene
in the presence of steam at elevated temperature and ambient pressure.
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Acrylic acid (AA) is used as a precursor for a wide variety of chemicals
in the polymers and textile industries. There are several chemical
pathways to produce AA, but the most common one is via the partial
oxidation of propylene.
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The
usual mechanism for producing AA utilizes a two step process in which
propylene is first oxidized to acrolein and then further oxidized to AA.
Each reaction step usually takes place over a separate catalyst and at
different operating conditions.
Applications
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Acrylic acid has been used for more than 30 years as an essential
building block in the production of industrial and consumer products.
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The
acrylic acid manufactured in the United States is used to produce
acrylic esters – methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and
2-ethylhexyl acrylate – which are key ingredients in paints, coatings,
textiles, adhesives, plastics, and many other applications.
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It is
used to produce polyacrylic acid, or crosslinked polyacrylic acid
compounds, which have been successfully used in the manufacture of
superabsorbents used in personal hygiene products, detergents, and waste
water treatment chemicals.
Market
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Most
acrylic acid is consumed in the form of a polymer. Previously, the
dominant share of acrylic acid was converted to esters. Today, however,
the growth in demand for superabsorbents (used in diapers and hygienic
products) has increased consumption for acrylic acid homopolymers.
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Long
term global growth for acrylic acid is predicted to be 3%/year in the
2005-2011 period, according to an upcoming UK-based consultant.
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In the
US, demand is expected to grow at 4%/year. The largest contributor to
this growth is polyacrylic acid which is forecast to grow at 5%/year to
2008. The largest volume acrylate ester, n-butyl acrylate, is expected
to grow at 2.5%/year.
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