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General
- Wheat (Triticum spp.)
is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East.
- After maize, wheat is
the second most produced food among the cereal crops.
- Wheat originated in
Southwest Asia in the area known as the Fertile crescent.
- Wheat genetics is
more complicated than that of most other domesticated species.
Production
- Wheat production is
about 70 million tonnes per year in India and counts for approximately
12 per cent of world production.
- India’s wheat
production increase is driven principally by yield growth and by shift
in production from other crops to wheat and an increase in cropping
intensity.
- Annual global wheat
consumption is in excess of 550 million tonnes (20 billion bushels).
Farmers of the world produce almost 20 times as much wheat as is
produced in Canada to satisfy this growing appetite.
- Approximately
two-thirds of the wheat produced in the world is used for human food and
about one-sixth is used for livestock feed.
- World production of
wheat hovers around 585 million tons. Maximum contribution comes from
European Union.
Cultivation
- Cultivation of wheat
is thought to have originated in the Euphrates Valley as early as 10,000
B.C., making it one of the world's oldest cereal crops.
- Cultivation and
repeated harvesting and sowing of the grains of wild grasses led to the
domestication of wheat through selection of mutant forms with tough
ears.
- Planting of winter
wheat usually occurs in September or early October when the soil has
sufficient moisture to germinate the seed.
- The winter wheat
plant resumes its growth in the spring.
Uses
- Foods made with wheat
are a major part of the diet for over a third of the world's people.
- Wheat is used in the
manufacture of whiskey and beer, and the grain, the bran (the residue
from milling), and the vegetative plant parts make valuable livestock
feed.
- Before the
introduction of corn into Europe, wheat was the principal source of
starch for sizing paper and cloth.
Market
- India is now the
second largest producer of wheat in the world.
- The global wheat
production was 602 million tonnes on account of drought in Australia and
erratic climate in Europe.
- There are many
factors that influence the pattern of wheat consumption in the world.
The most important of these include: Price, Supply, Consumer income,
Availability of substitutes, and Politics.
- Major wheat growing
countries include China, India, France, and Russia. Major wheat growing
states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat and Bihar.
- Export market of
wheat is getting competitive with the entry of India into it.
Entrepreneur who wants the
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