General
- The ancestors of
modern closures were a mixed group. They included corn cob plugs, glass
stoppers and seals made from braided glass. By keeping food supplies
safe, closures helped explorers like Columbus make great voyages. A
plastic is a type of synthetic or man-made polymer; similar in many ways
to natural resins found in trees and other plants.
- Plastics are
macromolecules, formed by Polymerization and having the ability to be
shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat and pressure or
some other form of force. There are mainly two types of Plastics:
Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Plastics. majority of the most commonly
used plastics (commodity plastics) are derived from these chemicals :
Ethylene, Propylene, Butadiene, Benzene.
Manufacturing Process
- The plastic
manufacturing process begins by heating the hydrocarbons in a
"cracking process." When plastics emerge from reactors, they do not
have the desired properties that make it a material of choice, that
is, it is considered a raw material. A Thermoplastic is a polymer in
which the molecules are held together by weak secondary bonding
forces that soften when exposed to heat and return to its original
condition when cooled back down to room temperature.
- Most
of the plastics recycled are from the commercial and industrial
sectors, with bottles being recovered from domestic sources.
Mechanical recycling is where the plastics, which soften on heating,
are, reformed into moulding granules to make new products. The
process involves collection, sorting, baling then size reduction
into flake (film and sheet) or granules which may then need washing
and drying.
Application &
Technology
- Certain plastics
are attractive materials for use in glazing and lighting
applications because of their light weight, ease of handling and
installation, high light transmission and better shatter resistance
than glass. Although plastic glazing is usually more costly
initially than glass, repeated replacement of glass with
break-resistant plastic glazing makes it more economical and safer.
- Using
INTELLISPEC's proven inspection capability and patented CHROMAPULSE
illumination technology, this new system detects and rejects
out-of-tolerance closures before they cause filler downtime.
Out-of-round caps, and caps with defects on the seal surface, tamper
band, threads, liner, or with flash defects are removed from the
production stream prior to entering the filler.
- The closed vial
body is made of COC, a plastic that has already been used to contain
parenteral drugs (e.g., the COC prefilled syringe) and that provides
excellent resistance, minimized transmission rates for water and
various gases, and excellent optical performance. CSP Technologies
introduces a new class of plastic materials that enables a virtually
unlimited number of new products. This enabling technology creates a
system of plastic materials that absorbs and/or releases small
molecules at a controlled rate.
Market
-
A highly profitable closure designer and
mould maker for plastic closures for the
liquid refreshment beverage sector,
grew out of one company who is, well-known tool/mould maker in North
Switzerland. It is the world leading company for liquid refreshment
beverages plastic closures design, mould development and mould
manufacturing with a world market share of 20%.
-
An estimation says that as many as 200
companies could move out of closure production in Western Europe
over the next five years in an already consolidated industry. The
leading 10 companies accounted for about 60 per cent of the market
in 2004 and the top 25Â account for about 75 per cent. . Plastic
closure production is already highly consolidated, with 465
companies involved in making injection or compression moulding
plastic closures
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