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General
- Lupins are
a legume grown predominantly in Western Australia, South
Australia, Victoria and New South Wales for stockfeed. There are
two basic types of lupins, bitter and sweet varieties. The ones
currently grown commercially as a stockfeed in Australia are the
sweet types of the narrow leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) which
has the cultivars Merrit, Gungurru, Warrah, Yorrel and Danj and
the white lupin (L. albus) which has the cultivars Ultra,
Hamburg, Kiev and Neuland.
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Lupins are popular ornamental plants in gardens. There are
numerous hybrids and cultivars. Some species, such as Lupinus
polyphyllus and hybrids like the Rainbow Lupin (Lupinus ×
regalis) are common garden flowers. Others, such as the Yellow
Bush Lupin L. arboreus are considered invasive weeds when they
appear outside their native range.
Process
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The Sweet White Lupin Bean produces three principal products:
Lupin oil, Lupin flour and Lupin fiber. Crude Lupin Oil is
produced by a process called solvent extraction. After the seed
has been cleaned and dehulled by machines, crushed and its oil
removed the remaining flakes are called Lupin meal. The fiber
may be separated and the remaining product is often micro-ground
into flour. The Sweet White Lupin Bean also produces a valuable
secondary product, Lupin sprouts.
Market
- The
current domestic market for lupini bean is estimated at
500 tonnes per annum, while the overseas market is about
2000 tonnes — possibly rising to 5000 tonnes over time. These
are relatively small volumes compared with the sweet albus
industry, which was about 70 000 tonnes per annum in NSW in 1999
but fell to about 10 000 tonnes during the 2002 and 2003
droughts. In better seasons about 30 000 tonnes of the sweet
crop is exported for the human consumption market. The balance
of the domestic production is either fed to stock or processed
for addition to foods. Hulls, for example, are used in bread as
a source of vegetable fibre
Application
- Lupins are
used as green manure and in rotation with wheat because they are
capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere and converting it
to a usable form. In Western Australia, sustained wheat yields
are directly dependant on the rotational benefits of lupins.
They are also used for weed management and between fields of
cereal crops to keep diseases from spreading.
- The Sweet
White Lupin Bean produces three principal products: Lupin oil,
Lupin flour and Lupin fiber. Lupin Oil is an industrial
feed stock used in the creation of two vegetable oil products:
technical refined oil, and edible refined oil. Lupin meal
can be directly used as food for livestock, fish and poultry,
and can be finely ground into Lupin flour or coarsely ground
into Lupin grits. Lupin fiber is made from the hull of the Lupin
seed and is an important and edible Lupin by-product
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