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General
- Morchella,
the true morels, is a genus of edible cup fungi. They produce
highly porous ascocarps, prized by gourmet cooks, particularly
for French cuisine. Commercial value aside, morels are hunted by
thousands of people every year simply for their taste and the
joy of the hunt. Morels have been called by many local names;
some of the more colorful include "merkels" or "miracles," based
on a story of how a mountain family was saved from starvation by
eating morels, and Dryland fish, due to their similarity in
taste to fish
- It is
collected during the months of July and August. It is usually
found under the apple trees and sides of streams and rivers.
Morchella deliciosa is of yellowish color. When fresh, its size
varies from 6 to 30 cm and upon drying it becomes of 4 to 15 cm.
It is very dark brown, and by the time they are mature they
become nearly black, with dark ridges and light pits, with
whitish or dirty brown stem. Sometimes they are pointy but they
can also be rounded
Processing
- The
Selection of the method for processing mushrooms depends, among
other things, on the ultimate use of the products as well as on
the storage period envisaged. The long - term preservation of
mushrooms can be achieved by freezing, drying and sterilization.
Apart from using these methods, food processing plants also
produce salted mushrooms as a semi-finished product; pickled and
marinated mushrooms; powders; pastes; and concentrates and
extracts.
- Sorption
isotherms were determined for different freeze-dried berries and
mushroom species. For berries, there was no significant effect
of temperature on the equilibrium sorption in the range of
temperatures studied. However, the effect of temperature on
equilibrium moisture content was significant for mushrooms.
Market
-
Mushrooms are normally exported to France, UK, Italy,
Switzerland, and Dubai etc. Its exports ranged to 150 to 160
million rupees (Iqbal, 1993). Pakistan earned $6.904 million
foreign exchange in 1993. There was an export of Rs. 78,640,000
in 1999-00 (EPB, 2002). 70 per cent decrease in exports was
recorded in year 2000-2001.
- As far as
the import market is concerned, the most significant buyer of
canned white button mushroom is Germany. This country alone
accounts for almost 40% of the world imports. USA also imports
canned mushroom, accounting for about 19% of the world imports.
More than 70% of morels are produced in NWFP, while 532,280 kg
were produced in 1997-98 . Unit price of Morchella esculenta is
Rs. 4000 to 4300 per kg at local grocers level while at
middlemen level its price reaches to Rs. 5000-5500 per Kg .
Application
- It is used
as a Tonic to the intestines and stomach, reduces phlegm and
regulates the flow of vital energy.
- Mushrooms
are nutritionally functional food and a source of
physiologically beneficial and non-toxic medicines. They have
been used in folk medicine throughout the world since ancient
times.Morchella esculenta (L) Pers. is an edible and highly
priced mushroom.
-
Anti-inflammatory and antitumour activities of ethanolic extract
of cultured mycelium of M. esculenta were investigated. The
extract showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of both
acute and chronic inflammation. The activity was comparable to
that of the standard reference drug, Diclofenac. Antitumour
activity of the extract was determined using both DLA cell
line-induced solid tumour and EAC cell line-induced ascites
tumour models in mice. The extract exhibited significant
antitumour activity against both ascites and solid tumours. The
finding suggests the potential therapeutic use of aqueous-ethanolic
extract of morel mushroom mycelium in chemotherapy
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Species, Market, Production, Processing, Patent, Suppliers, Company
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