General
- Cashewnut shell
liquid is a by-product of the cashew industry. The nut has a shell of
about 1/8 inch thickness inside which is a soft honeycomb structure
containing a dark reddish brown viscous liquid. It is called the
cashewnut shell liquid, which is the pericarp fluid of the cashewnut.
- Cashew nut shell
liquid (CNSL) consists chiefly of two naturally occurring unsaturated
phenolic compounds, anacardic acid (90%) and cardol (10%) with minor
amounts of 2-methyl cardol.
Processing
- Cashew nut shell
liquid (CNSL) was extracted from cashew nut shell by indirect leaching
process using soxhlet extraction equipment.
- There are three
different methods generally used in extracting cashew nut shell liquid
from cashew nuts, namely mechanical, roasting and solvent extraction.
The processes used are mainly hot-oil and roasting in which the CNSL
oozes out from the shell.
Technology
- The cashew nut
shell is the unused byproduct from cashew nut production in the
southern, eastern, and northeastern of Thailand. The cashew nut shell
consists of the liquid of anacardic acid and its derivatives called
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) that can be modified to a fraction of
diesel oil by thermal cracking process
- Cashew nut shell
liquid (CNSL) is an important industrial raw material for resin
manufacture and the shells can be burned to provide heat for the
decorticating operation.
Application
- CNSL finds a wide
array of applications such as friction linings, paints & varnishes,
laminating resins, rubber compounding resins, cashew cements,
polyurethane based polymers, surfactants, foundry chemicals and
intermediates for chemical industry.
- The cashew nut shell
liquid based polymers offer the following advantages : Internal
plasticization , Solubility in organic solvents with improved
processability , Low fade characteristics on friction & resistance to
cold wear , Good heat & electrical resistance with better water
repellancy , Compatibility with other polymers , Improved acid & alkali
resistance , Termite & insect resistance
Market
- The production
potential for the product is very high. The total production of raw
cashew nut in the country could be as much as 2 lakh tonnes and at 10%
recovery by weight, the production potential for C.N.S.L is as much as
20,000 tonnes.
- The use of this oil
by indigenous industry is at present limited, however an upward trend
has been noticed. U.K. USA and Japan were the large scale buyers of this
commodity until recently but due to changes in technology, UK and USA
have stopped buying this product from India. At present, Japan and
Republic of Korea buy a sizeable quantity of this commodity from India.
- Cashew nut processing
industries are one of the promising sectors producing valuable commodity
exported to Gulf, European and Western countries. The industry is
categorised as small scale/cottage units and there are about 300 units
scattered in Nagercoil district, Tamilnadu, about 270 units in Kollam
district, Kerala and about 130 units at Palasa-Kasibugga, Andhra
Pradesh.
- There are also
concentration of these industries in Cheerla - Andhra Pradesh, Mangalore
- Karnataka and few units in Goa. The capital investment on the units is
varying between 6.0 lakhs – 15.0 lakhs.
Entrepreneurs who
want the informations on Process , Technology, Applications,
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