General
-
Bromelain is a mixture
of sulfur-containing protein-digesting enzymes—called
proteolytic enzymes or proteases—and several other
substances in smaller quantities. The two main enzymes
are: stem bromelain, fruit bromelain .
- Bromelain is present in all parts
of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) but the stem is the most
common commercial source, presumably because it is readily available
after the fruit has been harvested
Extraction
- Whole pineapples
were separated into three parts (fruit/core, peel and proliferating
top), diced, and pressed to obtain juices which were further
homogenized separately at 5, 10, 15 or 20 MPa for 3 minutes.
Bromelain was extracted from the homogenized juices using
ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, centrifugation,
dialysis and freeze-drying processes. Yield and activity of
extracted bromelain were determined.
- Extraction Procedure: Bromelain
sample preparation, Micellar solution, Backward extraction solution,
Pulsed caps micro-column, and the extraction process are Batch
extraction, Continuous extraction, Backward Extraction.
Technology
Over the last few
decades, intense research in the area of enzyme technology has provided
many approaches that facilitate their practical applications. Among
them, the newer technological developments in the field of immobilized
biocatalysts can offer the possibility of a wider and more economical
exploitation of biocatalysts in industry, waste treatment, medicine, and
in the development of bioprocess monitoring devices like the biosensor.
Application
- Bromelain has been
found to reduce the incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
diarrhea in piglets. This effect is thought to be due to inactivation of
enterotoxigenic E. coli receptors in the small intestine via proteolytic
cleavage of the glycoprotein receptor.
- Researchers
believed that these enzymes provided the key health benefits found in
bromelain, a popular dietary supplement containing these pineapple
extracts. In addition, researchers believed that these benefits were
primarily limited to help with digestion in the intestinal tract.
However, further studies have shown that bromelain has a wide variety of
health benefits, and that many of these benefits may not be related to
the different enzymes found in this extract.
- The
protein-digesting enzymes found in bromelain help promote and maintain
proper digestion and may relieve symptoms of stomach upset or heartburn,
particularly when used in conjunction with other enzymes such as amylase
(which digests starch) and lipase (which digests fat). Similarly, an
animal study suggests that the antibacterial effects of bromelain may
help to control diarrhea caused by bacteria.
Market
- Significant
market demand with people's increasing understanding of papain, its
application has gone wider and wider. Presently, Bromelain and
papain has been widely used in food processing industry, textile
industry, leather industry, forage industry, cosmetic industry and
medical application etc. In response to the market demands, food,
agent, cosmetic, medical, coarse and refined papain have been
produced to meet different market needs.
- The
BioIndustrial sector, which predominantly comprises the enzymes
companies, is estimated to be Rs 320 crore in 2004-05. The total
industry registered 34.45 percent growth in 2004-05. There are about
17-20 players in India and the market leader in the segment during
2004-05 was Biocon, with total sales of Rs 89.68 crore. Its enzymes
business registered 34.82 percent growth.
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