General
- An adhesive
consisting of organic colloids of a complex protein structure obtained
from animal materials such as bones and hides in meat packing and
tanning industries. Glue contains two groups of proteins: chondrin,
which accounts for its adhesive strength, and glutin, which contributes
jelling strength.
- Animal glue is a
protein derived from the simple hydrolysis of collagen, which is the
principal protein constituent of animal hide, connective tissue and
bones. Collagen, animal glue, and gelatin are very closely related as to
protein and chemical composition.
- As a protein, animal
glue is essentially composed of polyamides of certain alpha-amino acids.
It is believed that these acids are not present in glue in the free
state, but rather as residues which are joined together by the
elimination of water to form long polypeptide chains.
- Animal glues are
soluble only in water, and are insoluble in oils, waxes, organic
solvents, and absolute alcohol; however, they may be emulsified in
water-oil or oil-water systems under proper conditions. One of the more
interesting properties of animal glue solutions is their ability to pass
from a liquid to a jelled state upon cooling, and then revert to the
liquid state upon re-heating.
Production
Process
- Gelatin is a
translucent brittle solid substance, colorless or slightly yellow,
nearly tasteless and odorless, extracted from the collagen inside
animals' connective tissue. It has been commonly used in food,
pharmaceutical, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing. Substances
containing gelatin or functioning in a similar way are called
gelatinous.Gelatin is a protein produced by partial hydrolysis of
collagen extracted from connective tissues of animals.
- Animal hide glues are
useful for woodworking and veneer work. Made from the hides as well as
the bones and other portions of animals, the glue is sold either
ready-made or as a powder or flake that can be mixed with water, heated,
and applied hot.
Market
- The worldwide
production amount of gelatin is about 300,000 tons per year (roughly 600
million lbs). On a commercial scale, gelatin is made from by-products of
the meat and leather industry, mainly pork skins, pork and cattle bones,
or split cattle hides. Recently, by-products of the fishery industry
began to be considered as raw material for gelatin production because
they eliminate most of the religious obstacles surrounding gelatin
consumption.
- On December 22, 1977,
the Department of the Treasury issued an antidumping duty order on
imports of animal glue from Germany (42 F.R. 64116). The Commission is
conducting a review to determine whether revocation of the order would
be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury to
the domestic industry within a reasonably foreseeable time.
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