WARFARIN      

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Introduction

• Warfarin and its sodium salt are registered for use in controlling commensal rodents (rats and mice) in and around homes, animal and agricultural premises, and commercial and industrial sites. Warfarin is a blood anticoagulant; its sodium salt is used medically to treat people with blood hypercoagulation problems.

• Warfarin has been in widespread use since the 1950s and is currently the most commonly prescribed vitamin K antagonist worldwide.

• It works by reducing the formation of blood clots, which is important in the prevention of heart attacks, strokes and blockages of major veins and arteries. Warfarin is normally prescribed if you have an increased risk of forming blood clots.

Uses

• Common clinical indications for warfarin use are atrial fibrillation, the presence of artificial heart valves, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism .

• Warfarin is also used in antiphospholipid syndrome. It has been used occasionally after heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), but is far less effective at preventing new thromboses in coronary arteries.

• Prevention of clotting in arteries is usually undertaken with antiplatelet drugs, which act by a different mechanism from warfarin (which normally has no effect on platelet function).

• In some countries, other coumarins are used instead of warfarin, such as acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon. These have a shorter (acenocoumarol) or longer (phenprocoumon) half-life, and are not completely interchangeable with warfarin.

Research

• A case is reported of a baby born with congenital abnormalities due to maternal ingestion of warfarin during pregnancy.

• Warfarin is known to be teratogenic, producing characteristic abnormalities, namely, a hypoplastic nose, stippled epiphyses, and skeletal abnormalities. A variety of ocular abnormalities have been reported.

• Between September 2004 and July 2010, 518 patients underwent 770 lower-extremity EVLT (endovenous laser therapy) procedures.

• Of these, five patients ranging in age from 31 to 69 years underwent 12 separate EVLT procedures without interruption of warfarin therapy.

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