Propanil                                      

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Introduction

• Propanil is a selective post-emergent use herbicide registered to control broadleaf and grass weeds on rice. It is also registered (but not currently marketed) for turf use at commercial sod farms.

• The small grain use was voluntarily cancelled.

• On June 5, 2002, EPA published its tolerance reassessment decision on propanil in the Federal Register and released the human health and ecological risk assessments for public comment.

• Propanil is considered neither carcinogenic nor mutagenic.

• The risk to occupational handlers of propanil is potentially of concern for several of the aerial exposure scenarios, even with maximum personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering controls.

• To reduce these risks initially, the following mitigation measures are needed: (1) Spray drift management practices consistent with best management practices for rice; (2) Require engineering controls including closed cabs and closed mixing/loading systems; and (3) Maintain a reentry interval of 24 hours for rice.

Uses

• Propanil is used alone and in combination with bensulfuron, carfentrazone, molinate, pendimethalin, quinclorac, thiobencarb and triclopyr.

• Propanil is used on rice, primarily in California and the midsouthern states (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and
  Texas).

• Propanil is also registered (but not currently marketed) for turf use at commercial sod farms

• There are no existing or proposed residential uses of propanil products.

Report

• The detection of aryl acylamidase from the propanilresistant barnyardgrass was facilitated using a dichloroaniline coupling agent that provided greater sensitivity than that using the diazotization method (Bratton & Marshall 1939).

• There were 431 presentations with a history of acute propanil poisoning over five years (5^th April 2002 to 13^th April 2007). Of these patients, 40 had ingested at least one other poison (30 of these were poisoned by a combination product containing propanil and another agent, usually clomazone, fentrazamide, pendimethalin or thiobencarb) and 3 of these died.

• Patients with co-ingestions were not considered further.

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