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Oxyfluorfen
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General
- Oxyfluorfen
[2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] is a
pre- and
postemergence diphenyl ether herbicide registered for use on a variety
of field crops, vegetables,
and fruit trees.
- It is a contact
herbicide and light is required for it to affect target plants. It is
available in emulsifiable concentrate
and granular formulations.
- Oxyfluorfen is a
white to orange or red-brown crystalline solid with a smoke-like odor.
- Oxyfluorfen is a
slightly to practically non-toxic compound in EPA toxicity class III.
- Oxyfluorfen has a low
acute oral, dermal and inhalative toxicity. It is not a skin or eye
irritant, or a
skin sensitiser.
Uses
- Used to Control
of annual broadleaf and grassy weeds in artichoke, avocado,
broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower (pretransplant), citrus (nonbearing),
coffee, conifers, corn (witchweed control), cotton (postdirect),
fallow bed, grapes, guava, horseradish, jojoba, kiwi, macadamia,
mayhaw, mint, noncropland, nuts, olives, onion, ornamentals, papaya,
persimmon, taro, and tree fruits.
- Oxyfluorfen is
also used for weed control in landscapes, patios, driveways, and
similar areas in residential sites.
- Oxyfluorfen use
is widespread but the monitoring data are limited to a few location.
- Oxyfluorfen use
on citrus is limited to non-bearing citrus which precludes large
portions of watersheds from being treated simultaneously, as is
simulated by the model.
- Uses Control of
annual broad-leaved weeds and grasses in a variety of tropical and
subtropical crops, by pre- or
post-emergence application at rates in the range 0.25-2.0 kg/ha.
Report
- Oxyfluorfen
was first registered in the United States in 1979 to control
pre-emergent and post-emergent broadleaf and grassy weeds in a
variety of field, fruit, and vegetable crops, ornamentals, as
well as non-crop sites.
- Globally the
different studies show oxyfluorfen to be rapidly and extensively
degraded in plants. The metabolism proceeds first by cleavage of
the parent structure at the ether bond between the two phenyl
rings, followed by further degradations of the chlorophenyl ring
to TFAA.
- Some samples
have been collected and analyzed for oxyfluorfen in water and
sediments in the Columbia River basin of Oregon and Washington
as a result of an August, 2000 oxyfluorfen spill into creek
yards which feed into the Columbia River. Of 35 background
sediment measurements made in nearby rivers and streams which
were unaffected by the spill, 2
detections of oxyfluorfen in sediment were noted. The highest
detection, 541 ppb, was downstream of orchards.
- Dissipation
of oxyfluorfen under field conditions was investigated in seven
different sites and on bare soils, three in North America (2
sites in California, USA and 1 site in British Columbia, Canada)
and four in Europe (England, Northern France, Spain and Italy)
- Oxyfluorfen
homeowner products are intended solely for spot treatment; they
are not used for broadcast treatment of lawns because they
kill grass.
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