- An organic
acid is an organic compound with acidic properties.
- The most
common Organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is
associated with their carboxyl group –COOH.
- Sulfonic
acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids.
- The
relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its
acidity.
- Other
groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: –OH, –SH, the enol
group, and the phenol group.
- In
biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are
generally referred to as Organic acids.
- Simple
Organic acids like formic or acetic acids are used for oil and gas
well stimulation treatments. These Organic acids are much less
reactive with metals than are strong mineral acids like hydrochloric
acid (HCl) or mixtures of HCl and hydrofluoric acid (HF).
- For this
reason, Organic acids are used at high temperatures or when long
contact times between acid and pipe are needed.
- The
conjugate bases of Organic acids such as citrate and lactate are
often used in biologically-compatible buffer solutions.
- Organic
acids are used in food preservation because of their effects on
bacteria.
- The key
basic principle on the mode of action of Organic acids on bacteria
is that non-dissociated (non-ionized) Organic acids can penetrate
the bacteria cell wall and disrupt the normal physiology of certain
types of bacteria that we call pH-sensitive, meaning that they
cannot tolerate a wide internal and external pH gradient.
- Organic
acids have been used successfully in pig production for more than 25
years.
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