General
Information
- Dithianon is used
on a range of fruits and vegetables as a multi-site contact
fungicide that inhibits spore germination.
- The material
balance from a preliminary study showed that dithianon was not
metabolized to volatile compounds, including carbon dioxide.
Analysis
Process
- Dithianon was
tested for genotoxicity in an adequate range of assays, both in
vitro and in vivo. The majority of results were negative,
including in vivo studies. There were some positive results in
vitro that occurred only at cytotoxic doses.
- A new, simple, and
rapid spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of
dithianon, on the basis of its reaction with a dithiocarbamate,
is described.
- The
electrochemical reduction behaviour of Dithianon has been
studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse
polarography (DPP) in methanolic Britton-Robinson buffer of pH
2.0-12.0.
Application
-
Fungicide/insecticide mixtures were applied at times and doses
commonlyused in commercial orchard practice. Their effects on
photosynthesis and dark respiration were evaluated in two
seasons with respect to the potential stress they impose on an
apple tree using cv. ‘Elstar’. The mixtures included the
fungicides mancozeb, flusilazol and dithianon, and the
insecticides oxydemeton-methyl or pirimicarb.
- Seven pesticide
including dithianon application strategies were investigated to
control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera
leucotricha) and, at the same time, fulfil the new quality
standards implemented by some German retailers.
Market
- The market for
agrichemicals to all African nations was estimated to be between
US$500 million and US$1 billion. Sales to sub-Saharan Africa
were perhaps 50 percent of total African sales or $250 to
$500 million.
- At least 1,900
metric tons of banned, canceled, or voluntarily suspended
pesticides manufactured in the United States were exported.
- The largest
agrichemical markets were North America with 29 percent of the
global market, Western Europe with 27 pe1ent, and Japan with 14
percert.
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