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General
- Diazinon is a common
active substance of organophosphorous pesticides (Roberts and Hutson,
1998), and is an anticholinesterase, which causes loss of functional
co-ordination that results in immobilization of organisms(Brooks,
1976).
- Diazinon is used to
eliminate cockroaches, ants, silverfish, fleas and other insects in
residential buildings and outdoors.
- It is used on home
gardens and farms to control a wide variety of sucking and leaf eating
insects.
- Diazinon may be
found in formulations with a variety of other pesticides such as
pyrethrins, lindane, and disulfoton.
Applications
- In total, 50 female
wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10, including control, sham
and experimental groups I, II and III which orally received 50, 100 and
150 mg/kg/bw diazinon for 14 days respectively. Diazinon was
administered orally, and 24 hours after the last treatment, blood
samples were taken from the heart, centrifuged and sera were evaluated
for the concentrations of estrogen, progesterone and gonadotropins via
RIA method.
- The results showed no
significance difference in the mean number of primary, secondary and
graffian follicles but there was a significant decline in the mean
number of corpus luteum in experimental group receiving 150 mg/kg
diazinon (p<0.05 ) .
- Diazinon is
particularly important because enhanced susceptibility of the
pyrethroid-resistant flies to this OP (Sheppard & Marchiondo 1987,
Cilek et al. 1995) providing adequate control under field conditions
(Byford et al.1988).
- Susceptibility of wild
horn fly populations to diazinon was measured at 18 cattle ranches from
10 counties, in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul,
Central Brazil.
Physical
Properties
- Appearance: Diazinon is
a colorless to dark brown liquid. It has a flashpoint of 180 F.
- Chemical Name:
O,O-diethyl 0-2-isopropyl-6-methyl(pyrimidine-4-yl) phosphorothioate.
- Water Solubility: 40
mg/L @ 20 C
- Solubility in Other
Solvents: petroleum ether v.s.; alcohol v.s.; benzene v.s.
- Melting Point:
Decomposes @ >120 C
- Vapor Pressure: 0.097
mPa @ 20 C
- Adsorption Coefficient:
1000 (estimated)
Toxicity
- Diazinon has also
proved to be highly toxic to fish and other aquatic animals. While the
chemical has been shown to affect all types of fish to some degree,
saltwater fish are affected more than freshwater fish.
- Diazinon increases the
risk of cancer incidence, especially breast cancer in female
farmers.
- Farmworkers who are
exposed to diazanon can suffer muscle spasms, confusion, dizziness,
seizures, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe exposures can cause coma and
death.
Report
- A research in 2009 have
showed that diazinon treatment of male mice for 30 days brought about
significant reduction in sperm counts and spermatogenesis, Leydig and
sertoli cells and a decrease in serum testosterone concentration.
-
Diazinon is widely used in large tonnage of organic
phosphorus pesticide varieties and production in the current
international 20000 ~ 3 million ton / year, as early as in the last
century had global sales of more than 100 million U.S. dollars, is truly
a big variety.
- Diazinon has a low
persistence in soil. The half-life is 2 to 4 weeks. Bacterial enzymes
can speed the breakdown of diazinon and have been used in treating
emergency situations such as spills.
- Diazinon is used
on a wide variety of crops including apples, blueberries, broccoli,
cherries, cranberries, pears, spinach, and tomatoes. In 2004, EPA
canceled home uses of diazinon due to the extreme risks that it poses to
children, Still, one website advises householders who are struggling
with fire ants to use Ortho diazinon granules to displace the
insects.
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