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General
- Carbosulfan is an
anticholinesterase methylcarbamate currently in use as a soil
and foliar insecticide.
- Carbosulfan is a
broad-spectrum carbamate pesticide used to control insects,
mites and nematodes by soil, foliar and seed treatment
applications, mainly on potatoes, sugar beet, rice, maize and
citrus.
Toxicity
- Carbosulfan is minimally
irritating to the eye, slightly irritating to the skin and is a
dermal sensitizer.
- In general, in short-term and
long-term studies of toxicity, the most sensitive effect of the
oral administration of carbosulfan was the inhibition of
cholinesterase activity, accompanied at the same or higher doses
by clinical signs indicative of cholinesterase inhibition (e.g.
salivation, lacrimation, ataxia, tremors, anogenital staining,
diarrhoea).
- The genotoxic potential of
carbosulfan was investigated in a wide range of tests. Primarily
negative results were obtained in a number of tests in vitro and
in vivo. Positive effects were observed in a few tests, however
these tests were confounded by the use of very high doses in
vivo, the occurrence of marked cytotoxicity in vitro and the
lack of information on the purity of the test compound. The
Meeting concluded that carbosulfan is unlikely to be genotoxic.
- Carbosulfan was demonstrated
to be moderately toxic acutely when administered to a variety of
test animals via various routes of exposure. It did not induce
delayed neurotoxicity in atropinized adult Leghorn hens at 500
mg/kg b.w.
Uses
- Carbosulfan is an
anticholinesterase methylcarbamate currently in use as a soil
and foliar insecticide.
- Pathological changes were
indicative of ageing mice and many were stated to be masked by
use of short-acting mydriatic solutions.
- Recent methods used in some
of the field trials with citrus fruit and animals are based on
the extraction of carbosulfan with dichloromethane (from citrus)
or acetone (from animals products) and clean-up on solid-phase
extraction (SPE) cartridges before analysis.
- The concurrent review of
carbofuran includes estimates to accommodate residues of
carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran resulting from the use of
carbosulfan on citrus fruit.
- Since the highest carbamate
residues likely to result from the use of carbosulfan in an
animal feed item would be about 2 mg/kg from dry citrus pulp
with an STMR of 0.29 mg/kg and this is likely to constitute no
more than 20-25% of a cattle diet, and since there were no
significant residues at the 10 ppm feeding level and relatively
low levels even at 50 ppm, the Meeting concluded that no MRL was
required for carbosulfan or its metabolites in milk or tissues
to accommodate the use of carbosulfan on citrus.
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