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Straw
is an agricultural by-product, the dry stalks of cereal plants, after
the grain and chaff have been removed.
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Biomass is the mass of living organisms and recently dead matter like
wood, leaves, stalks, straw and other organic matter.
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Wheat-straw waste is a natural byproduct of the industrial fractionation
of wheat straw.
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Wheat
straw is renewable, widely distributed, available locally, moldable,
anisotropic, hydroscopic, recyclable, versatile, non-abrasive, porous,
viscoelastic, easily available in many forms, biodegradable,
combustible, compostible, and reactive.
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Wheat
straw is one of the most abundant and cheap agricultural wastes, and it
is estimated that about 250 million tons are produced annually in China.
Wheat straw is predominantly disposed of by direct burning in open field
due to lack of effective utilization, which also causes serious
environmental pollution.
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Many
possible composite products can be made using wheat fibers including
structural (using thermosetting resins) and nonstructural (using either
a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin) materials, geotextiles and
molded products (using fiber mats prepared by physical entanglement,
nonwoven needling, or thermoplastic fiber-melt matrix technologies),
sorbents and filters (for removing pollutants from contaminated air,
water, and/or soil), packaging, and in products in combination of other
resources.
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Compressed agricultural fiber (CAF) is manufactured from wheat or rice
straw, the byproduct of wheat and rice grain, and has been successfully
used for many years in the general construction trade.
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Bioethanol is made from biomass and it is renewable. Wheat straw is a
good raw material for ethanol production, since wheat straw has a rather
high content of cellulose.
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Straw
has a higher ash content and lower lignin content when compared with
wood and has not been used for board manufacture with the use of
conventional formaldehyde resins (UF, MUF, PF, etc.), while other types
of adhesives like polymeric isocyanates.
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Agricultural residues (straws) are primarily composed of cellulose,
lignin and hemicelluloses. But straws also contain significant amounts
of pectins, proteins and, most importantly, inorganic compounds (ash),
most of which is silica.
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Wheat
straw pulp will likely be used in blends with wood pulps in proportions
consistent with paper and board cost and performance specifications.
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The
bioconversion of the agro waste material into fuel has received
considerable interest during recent years.
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Currently a most important application of cellulases and hemicellulases
in the pulp and paper industry is the biobleaching of pulp, the
production of dissolving pulp, the treatment of wastewater and the
deinking of recycled waste paper.
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Wheat
straw is produced about 33-48 mons/acre and crop to residue ratio is
1:1. 40-50% wheat straw is being used to feed animals by the farmers and
landlords and 44-56% is surplus and is being sold into the market at the
rate of Rs. 90-100/Mon.
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The
processing of straw differs from that of wood in the initial stage of
the composite material process . The harvested and baled wheat straw is
size-reduced (chopped), hammer-milled, screened, and pre-wetted before
defibration (the fiber-refining process)
Entrepreneur who want the information such as
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