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Sodium Cyanide
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General
- Sodium cyanide is an
inorganic compound with the formula NaCN. It is an inorganic salt
derived from neutralization reactions involving the weak acid hydrogen
cyanide.
- Sodium Cyanide is a
white powder (like salt) with a faint almond-like odor.
- Sodium cyanide
consists of a positively charged sodium cation (Na+) and a negatively
charged cyanide anion (CN-). The cyanide ion contains a carbon atom that
is triply bound to a nitrogen atom.
Process
- Sodium cyanide is
prepared by the direct reaction of hydrogen cyanide with alkali, by
melting sodium chloride with calcium cyanamide, or by heating sodium
amide with
carbon.
- The hydrogen cyanide
gas is then reacted with sodium hydroxide to form liquid sodium cyanide
with a solution strength of approximately 30 per cent w/w. Sodium
cyanide can be transported as a liquid, or dehydrated to form crystals.
After dehydration these crystals are compacted into one of three solid
forms; powder, granules or briquettes and is then packaged before
transportation.
- Sodium cyanide is
manufactured by the Andrussow process using ammonia, air, methane and
caustic soda.
- Sodium cyanide (NaCN)
is produced when hydrocyanic acid is neutralized with aqueous sodium
hydroxide,producing a slurry. The slurry is crystallized, and the NaCN
solids are separated, dried, and prepared for shipping (Brown).
Uses
- Sodium cyanide is
mainly used to extract gold and other precious metals in mining.
This application exploits the high affinity of gold(I) for cyanide,
which induces gold metal to oxidize and dissolve in the presence of
air and water.
- Sodium cyanide is
used in the manufacturing of organic chemicals; acrylonitrile, metal
polishes, dyes, rodenticides, pesticides, synthetic fibers,
plastics, and electroplating solutions.
- Sodium cyanide (NaCN)
ejectors have been important in coyote depredation control.
- Sodium cyanide is
a single dose poison used in the M-44 ejector device on pastures,
range and forest land to control coyote, red fox, gray fox and wild
dog populations that prey upon (or are likely to prey upon)
livestock, poultry or endangered species, or that are vectors of
communicable diseases.
Report
- The use of
sodium cyanide in the M-44 device is currently registered in
only twelve states (Arizona,California, Idaho, Kansas, Montana,
Nebraska, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Washington,
and Wyoming).
- Australia is
a major global manufacturer and exporter of sodium cyanide, with
manufacturing facilities in western Australia .
About 100
000 tones of sodium cyanide are manufactured each year, of which
about 40%-60% is exported.
- Rosia Montana
Project activities require the use and storage of chemicals,
including sodium cyanide, that are defined as dangerous
substances under European Commission Directive (1996).
- Sodium
cyanide is manufactured at the Orica Australia Limited (Orica)
Yarwun manufacturing facility in Queensland, which has been
operating since 1989.
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