- Guanidine is a
crystalline compound of strong alkalinity formed by the oxidation of
guanine.
- It is used in the
manufacture of plastics and explosives.
- Notable guanidinium
salts include guanidinium chloride (GndCl), which has chaotropic
properties and is used to denature proteins.
- Guanidinium salts are
well known for their denaturing action on proteins; guanidinium chloride
is one of the most effective denaturants.
- In the industrial
production of guanidine, guanidine is usually prepared from
dicyandiamide and ammonium nitrate or other ammonium salts.
- In order to raise the
efficiency of production, the production process must be conducted under
high temperature conditions or under high temperature and high pressure
conditions.
- Guanidine salts
represent important products in organic synthesis processes as well as
in biotechnological processes.
- The pharmaceutical
compositions which have been used as antihypertensive agents have
included such as the thiazides, reserpine, hydralazine, alpha-methyl
dopa, guanethidine and the like.
- Guanidine in the urea
synthesis effluent or in the aqueous urea solution is formed as a
by-product chiefly in the urea synthesis zone or in the unreacted
material seperation zone wherein unreacted ammonia and ammonium
carbamate are separated.
- Guanidine is
characterized by a Y-shaped CN3 moiety, with an unusually high basicity
attributed to the delocalization of the positive charge over the entire
CN3 framework, which resonance-stabilizes the cation.
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