- Folate, a
water-soluble vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells and aids
in the formation of genetic material within every body cell.
- Folate
deficiency is a lack of folic acid in the diet and the signs are
often subtle.
- Folate, an
important B-group vitamin, participates in many metabolic pathways
such as DNA and RNA biosynthesis and amino acid inter-conversions.
- Rapidly
proliferating cells require large amounts of folate to support
efficient DNA replication, repair and methylation indicating the
importance of folate in human metabolism.
- Folate is an
essential cofactor during human erythropoiesis. Low folate levels
lead to prolongation of the synthesis phase of cell division and
retardation of germ cell maturation.
- Probiotic
bacteria, mostly belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and
Bifidobacterium, confer a number of health benefits to the host,
including vitamin production.
- Lactobacillus
plantarum constitutes an exception among lactobacilli, since it is
capable of folate production in presence of para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA)
and deserves to be used in animal trials to validate its ability to
produce the vitamin in vivo.
- It is
commonly recognized that folates may play a role in the prevention
of cardiovascular disease by reducing the homocysteine
concentrations in the blood.
- Folate
auxotrophic organisms, such as humans, contain a polyglutamyl folate
hydrolase activity to remove the glutamyl tail and make the folate
available for uptake by the tissue cells. This conversion is
catalyzed by intestinal ?-glutamyl hydrolases.
- Recent data
indicate that the folate status in the USA population has improved
significantly, presumably due to the effects of fortification.
- The highest
folate concentrations were mostly found in color-fleshed potatoes.
Variations of folate concentrations within either color- or
white-fleshed tubers were similar ( 2-fold). Skin contained 30%
higher folate concentrations than flesh.
- Storage of
tubers for 7 months generally led to an increase in folate contents.
Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that higher folate contents
were correlated with lower mRNA expression of some folate genes.
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