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Introduction
- Nicotine
is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction.
- The
pharmacologic and behavioural processes that determine tobacco
addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs
such as heroin and cocaine.
- Tobacco
smoke contains over 4,000 different chemicals.
- At least
50 are known carcinogens (cause cancer in humans) and many are
poisonous.
- Cigarettes
are the single-most traded item on the planet, with approximately 1
trillion being sold from country to country each year. At a global
take of more than $400 billion, it’s one of the world’s largest
industries.
Health risk
- Nicotine,
the primary psychoactive chemical in cigarettes, is addictive.
- Cigarette
use by pregnant women has also been shown to cause birth defects
(which include mental and physical disability).
- On
average, each cigarette smoked shortens lifespan by 11 minutes and
half of smokers die early of tobacco-related disease and lose, on
average, 14 years of life.
- Some of
the mineral apatite in Florida used to produce phosphate for U.S.A.
tobacco crops contains uranium, radium, lead 210 and polonium 210
and radon.
- The
radioactive smoke from tobacco fertilized this way is deposited in
lungs and releases radiation even if a smoker quits the habit.
- The
combination of carcinogenic tar and radiation in a sensitive organ
such as lungs increases the risk of cancer. If the smoker also
breathes in the asbestos fibers which commonly occur in urban and
industrial environments, the risk of cancer is greatly increased.
Market
- 'Extremely
high' excise duty on cigarettes in India has increased the
incentives for contraband trade in the country, estimated at Rs
1,700 crore, according to a Euromonitor International study.
- The
illicit cigarette market in terms of volumes has grown by 57.7 per
cent during 2004 to 2009 in India, as per the study commissioned by
industry body Assocham.
- Globally,
the world's top 15 countries account for some 79 per cent of global
illicit cigarette consumption with China the largest (36.2 per
cent), despite a 19.4 per cent fall in illicit cigarette consumption
over 2004-09.
- "In 2008,
the per pack price gap between tax paid and contraband widened
across all price segments. For example, a premium brand pack of 20
sticks of India Kings retailed at Rs 100, while its smuggled
competitors such as Marlboro and Rothmans were available at a steep
discount, selling for Rs 80-85," according to the report.
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