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Introduction
- Baking
powder is a solid mixture that is used as a chemical leavening agent
in baked goods.
- It can be
composed of a number of materials, but usually contains baking soda
(sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3), cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate,
C4H5KO6), and cornstarch. (A base, an acid, and a filler
respectively.)
- Baking
powder is made by generating these solids, combining them in unique
proportions, and then transferring them to packaging.
- First
developed in the mid 1800s, baking powder formulations have changed
little since.
Types
- Most
baking powders are double-acting, which means they the baking powder
reacts twice.
- Contain
one acid that dissolves when it comes in contact with water and
another acid that does not dissolve until it reaches a higher
temperature in a hot oven.
- This type
of double action ensures that the finished product is light and
fluffy.
-
Single-acting baking powders are mainly used by manufacturers and
are usually not available for retail sale.
Uses
- Generally
(in countries where the cup is used as a standard measure in
cookery) one teaspoon (5ml) of baking powder is used to raise a
mixture of one cup (200-250ml) of flour, one cup of liquid, and one
egg.
- However,
if the mixture is acidic, baking powder's additional acids will
remain unconsumed in the chemical reaction and often lend an
unpleasant chemical taste to food.
- High
acidity can be caused by ingredients like buttermilk, lemon,
yoghurt, citrus, or honey.
- In baking
powders that contain sodium acid pyrophosphate, excess alkaline
substances can sometimes deprotonate the acid in two steps instead
of the one that normally occurs, resulting in an offensive bitter
taste to baked goods.
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